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Appendixes
Reference Maps
Notes and Definitions
Guide to Country Profiles
Guide to Rank Order Pages
History of The World Factbook
Contributors and Copyright Information
Purchasing Information
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Flags of the World
Gallery of Covers
Text/Low Bandwidth Version
What's New
- Country information has been updated
as of 23 January 2007.
- In the Government category, the "Capital" entry has been greatly expanded and now contains up to four subfields, including significant new information having to do with time. The subfields consist of the name of the capital itself, its geographic coordinates, the time difference at the capital from coordinated universal time (UTC), and, if applicable, information on daylight saving time (DST). Where appropriate, a special note has been added to highlight those countries that have multiple time zones.
- The Transnational issues category now has a “Trafficking in persons” entry. Human trafficking connotes modern-day slavery and this important new field will include information on the most egregious countries (Tier 2 Watch List and Tier 3) as listed in the US State Department's annual report.
- A new Appendix G lists Weights and Measures . The appendix includes information on mathematical notation and metric interrelationships, as well as over 400 examples of standard conversion factors.
-Revision of some individual country maps, first introduced in the 2001 edition, is continued in this edition. Several regional maps have also been updated to reflect boundary changes and place name spelling changes.
The online Factbook is updated periodically throughout the year.
ISSN 1553-8133
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satellite africa ku band, satellite africa C band
botswana, burundi, DR Congo, republic of congo, guinea, madagascar, kenya, somalia, south africa, tanzania, belgium.
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ARGENTINA,AUSTRALIA,AUSTRIA,AZERBAIJAN,BAHRAIN,BANGLADESH,BELARUS,BELGIUM,BOTSWANA,
angola, botswana, burundi, DR Congo, republic of congo, guinea, madagascar, kenya, somalia, south africa, tanzania, belgium.
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BELGIUM,BENIN,BHUTAN,BOTSWANA,BRAZIL,BRUNEI,BULGARIA,BURUNDI,CAMEROON,CANADA,CHAD,CHINA,CONGO,CYPRUS,
angola, botswana, burundi, DR Congo, republic of congo, guinea, madagascar, kenya, somalia, south africa, tanzania, belgium.
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idirect africa, satellite africa, vipersat africa, satelite africa, mesh africa, dish, feed, Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
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CZECH REPUBLIC,D.R. CONGO,DENMARK,FRANCE, ghana, belgium.
fournisseur, afrique, internet, provider, africa , kinshasa, brazzaville, kinsangani, lubumbashi,rdc, congo
angola, botswana, burundi, DR Congo, republic of congo, guinea, madagascar, kenya, somalia, south africa, tanzania, belgium.
idirect africa, satellite africa, vipersat africa, satelite africa, mesh africa, dish, feed, Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
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idirect africa, satellite africa, vipersat africa, satelite africa, mesh africa, dish, feed, Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
angola, botswana, burundi, DR Congo, republic of congo, guinea, madagascar, kenya, somalia, south africa, tanzania, belgium.
fournisseur, afrique, internet, provider, africa , kinshasa, brazzaville, kinsangani, lubumbashi,rdc, congo
idirect africa, satellite africa, vipersat africa, satelite africa, mesh africa, dish, feed, Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
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Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
idirect africa, satellite africa, vipersat africa, satelite africa, mesh africa, dish, feed, Kbps,64,80,96,128,192,256,512,1024,2048,kbps.
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Global Broadband Solution becomes an official Comtech ViperSat Service provider : Global Broadband Solution has demonstrated the ability to engineer, furnish, install, and provide on-going support of Vipersat platforms to satisfy the requirements of end users in many different markets. This technology has been used for the Central Bank of Congo project.
Our branch based in Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) have a permanent team of highly qualified and experienced engineers and technicians. This team executes the VSAT installations, their activation and provides our customers with remote assistance.
More information about this partnership on Comtech Vipersat website : http://www.comtechefdata.com/vipersatpartners.aspx
We can provide a demonstration of Vipersat Network Pilot System on request in our premises based in Brussels (Belgium). More Information on Vipersat Network Pilot System
GBS opened in 2006, successively, several new subsidiaries : Lubumbashi and Kisangani in RDC, Brazzaville in Congo, Gaborone in Botswana, which allows us to overstep the 800 customers and we envisage to open the next year : Pointe Noire in Congo, Nouakchott in Mauritania and Bujumbura in Burundi.
Click here to visit our branches.
GBS won the contract for the Central Bank of Congo for establishing a telecommunications network on a national scale: it involves the installation of 46 Interconnected sites nation wide allowing the transfer of the voice, the image and the data in real time:
this project uses advanced technologies like Mesh typology, Wimax connectivityand VOIP and is the first one of this kind in DRC.
You can see the photos here
GBS has recently installed in the hotel Meridien in Brazzaville the first system of CPL, allowing all the rooms of the hotel to be connected to Internet without any specific investement in cabling.
GBS has been awarded by SNEL, the DRC national company of electricity , to install its autonomous intranet connecting all its agencies in Kinshasa. The network has 102 stations and the WIMAX technology from Alvarion has been chosen.
GBS has opened in January 2006, according to its planning of development, its new branch in Lubumbashi, DRC, providing an Internet wireless connectivity service for the whole town with the latest Alvarion technology WIMAX.
YOU want :
• Maximum Functionality, Minimum Cost
• Integration with Existing Business Applications
• No longer subject to the geographical office constraints
• Choice of several careers and Automatic Call Distribution
GBS has the SOLUTION
The GBS IP Voice Solution is the telecommunication service of the next generation of telephony services based on the TCP/IP protocol of Internet.
IP phones connected to your LAN allow you to call other IP phones across the office or across the globe, at the lowest cost possible.
Whether you have one or thousands phones in your company, our solution enable you to easily make and receive voice calls at your desktop, from and to anywhere in the world, with the best quality and at the best price.
GBS IP Voice Server
Our solution is based on the GBS IP Voice Server, an IP-PBX by which you control all the incoming and outgoing calls of your company.
The GBS IP Voice Server is based on advanced technologies and uses the Internet Protocol to communicate. Thanks to our know-how and our strategic partnerships, all your calls take always the best route, at the best price, to reach their final destination
Benefits of the The GBS IP Voice Solution
Thanks to the GBS IP Voice Solution, you are no longer subject to the geographical office constraints of traditional telephone networks. Every IP phone associates to your GBS IP Voice Server, from any location in the world that has an internet access, can call other phones on your network as though it was in the office, for FREE …
The GBS IP Voice Solution enable you to converge all your voice and data traffic onto a single IP-based infrastructure. Both costs and the management effort involved in running your networks can be reduced by running all your telecommunications over a single provider.
ST Line : our own brand of server
Thanks to its considerable experience in working with IT components, GBS and its expert technical team have developed a range of slim desktop, tower and servers products that meet the needs of professional and private users alike. Our ability in building servers allow us to build a customised solution different for each of our client accordingly their needs.
Advanced features
The GBS IP Voice Server provides both classical PBX functionality and advanced features much more superior to any conventional PBX:
Standard pbx functionality such as :
• Call Recording
• Dial by Name
• Call forward (busy, no answer, unconditional)
• Caller ID
• Call transfer
• Call waiting
• Do not disturb
Advanced pbx functions such as:
• Fax Transmit and Receive
• Music On Hold with Mp3
• Interactive Directory
• Web Interface
• Unified messaging (voice mail forwarded to email)
• Call recording
• Find me/follow me
• Multiple extension ring
• Conference bridging
• Softphone
Thanks to our own company, we are able to provide the best long distance tariff for any call from and to any country in the world.
Do you need more information on our VoIP products & Services ?
Feel free to contact us by clicking here
Africa satellite internet
service providers
Africa high speed broadband internet via satellite access systems by two-way dish
Find your map below
Canada, US, USA, South America Satellite Internet Europe: Satellite Broadband Africa Satellite Internet Middle East Satellite Internet Asia, Australia Satellite Internet
Internet via satellite and email access connection via direct two-way customer premise terminals is now possible in Africa following a maturing of the technology and building of hub dishes for Africa satellite broadband internet services providers. Fast web downloads, email, ftp file transfers and streaming video and audio are achieved with speeds of typically several hundred kbit/s, using a share of a high bandwidth connection from a large hub station with a rate of up to 36 Msym/s (like digital sat TV DVB-S signal). Africa internet by satellite broadband capacity is shared. Services for home and small office users have higher sharing ratios, but are lower cost than services for business or internet café users where dedicated or low ratio sharing is the rule. Service providers have tariff options for various service bit rates. Email and internet web browsing are the usual intended use. For applications requiring substantial uploading of data or for real time two way video or VoIP ask about higher price options and feasibility.
Africa internet via satellite connection is available via the beam maps and internet par satellite service providers shown below. Scroll all the way down this page to find all suitable satellite internet service providers. Ask for initial equipment price plus monthly costs for different peak bit rates and total amounts of Gbytes downloaded. C band refers to 4 - 6 GHz operation. Ku refers to 11-12 - 14 GHz operation. C needs generally a larger dish but suffers less from heavy rain.
My text summary of the internet by satellite access service provider from each satellite internet service provider. Click on emails where your location matches the internet via satellite coverage maps for current prices and to confirm technical details or Email all service providers on this page Africa Internet by Satellite Internet provider maps below
VSAT companies serving Africa
New Era Systems - Africa service
New Era Systems operate direct from their own International Teleport, located in Miami, Florida. The Teleport provides connection for C-Band Africa coverage on PAS1R, Intelsat 707 and 907. All make use of cross strapped transponders on the satellite so that the hub operates in the N. America beam while your VSAT dish operates in the Africa coverage beam.
Installations requiring high volume connections of >1MB will find cost savings by installing the larger 3.8m or 4.5m antennas. Although these antennas cost more to purchase and ship, there will be savings on the re-occurring monthly bandwidth cost that will compensate for the higher initial cost. Cyber Cafes, ISP’s, telephone companies and corporate offices all use VSAT communication for more efficient operation and increased profit. The equipment division of New Era will sell and install a VSAT system exactly designed for a client’s needs.
Click now: sales@newerasystems.net
2.4m C band terminal
For more details click on map
PanAmSat 1R at 45 west is also available and provides good coverage of North West Africa.
Link-Sat Broadband satellite internet West Africa.
High power Ku beam from Newskies satellite NSS-7 at orbit 338.5E. Two way dedicated business satellite internet, direct access connection.
Includes option: VoIP telephone service.
Downlink: up to 60 Mbit/s download speed. Uplink: up to 4 Mbit/s.
Entry level is just 96kbit/s download and 32kbit/s uplink. Please remember this is all dedicated service - you are not sharing the satellite with other terminal users.
Contact info@link-sat.net
Africa countries covered: (some partially): Senegal, The Gambia, Gambie, Guinea, Guinee, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Burkina-Faso (Upper Volta), Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Tchad, Cameroon, Cameroun, Equatorial Guinea, Central African Republic (CAR). Occidentale Ouest Afrique
ViaSat LinkStar VSAT teleport hub
BusinessCom - Internet via Satellite
SCPC, DVB, DVB-RCS and D-TDMA Platforms Offered
DVB-RCS services for Home and Individual Usage, SOHO, SME.
D-TDMA services for Internet Cafe, Calling Centre and ISP business up to 4 Mbit/s with SLA Quality Guarantee, QoS, business-class Voice over IP and Videoconferencing support. 98.2% annual network uptime.
Professional backbone connectivity to UUNet, Level(3), TeliaSonera with prices at 1200 US$ per 1 Mbit/s CIR. 99.95% annual network uptime. Available everywhere within the coverage map.
Contact vsat-satsigs@bcsatellite.net
Regions and Countries covered (but not limited to): All Africa: Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Somalia, Libya, Ethiopia, SAR.
MM Telcom Corp. American service for Business, Enterprise, NGO's, educational or Government use to all of Africa. Providing high speed internet (9 meg downlink, 4.2 meg uplink) quality VoIP, video, distant learning and multi-casting capabilities.
Two way broadband internet via satellite by direct access connection to/from New York. Ku or C band equipment, shared or dedicated bandwidth service. You may extend your network up to 12 km radius by using our next generation Wi-Fi equipment (protocol 802.16)
Entry level Ku equipment is only 2,669 euro. 24/7 tech support engineers in Germany and USA.
Read what our customers think about us: References
Generate your own quote using our Configurator: my quote
New! - One week VSAT training courses for installers at our New York office in even months (Feb, Apr, June etc)
For further details > info@mmtelcom.com
Ku spot beam (1.2m dish) coverage all the way from Guinea to Congo. Mali, Sierra Leone, Upper Volta, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire and more...
All Africa zone beam
C band
1.8m dish
West Africa spot beam
Ku band
1.2m dish
GT&T Teleport
Customer VSAT dishes are typically 98cm or 1.2m dia with up to 13 PCs connected.
GT&T Ground Station and Internet Operator
New Service: IPDirect-Sat,
Available both in C band (All Africa) and in Ku band (North Africa - small dish).
> Bandwidth available : From 128 kbps up to 34 Mbps
> Full dedicated leased line (1:1)
> Shared access with a very small sharing ratio (5:1)
> Budget per Mbps => starting at 500 €/Month (depending on the satellite link budget and ratio)
Prepaid VoIP option available
GlobalTT.com works mainly with distributors and professionals.
You deal directly with the hub service provider.
GT&T have their own teleport with 155Mbps and 34Mbps backbone connectivity. Coverage examples: Morocco, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, Somalia, Angola, Kenya, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Madagascar, South Africa.
Services for :
• Carrier • ISP's • Industry/corporate • Big end-user
QKON monthly news letters
Q-KON provide 2-Way, 1st Tier Ku-band and C-band solutions & services for Africa.
Q-KON has completed projects in 28 African countries and offers: Satellite, Wireless & telecommunication infrastructure solutions as well as Bulk Shared, CIR and Dedicated satellite Internet and IP Telephony services for ISP, Telco, NGO, Commerce & Government, Maritime, Oil & Gas and Wireless & GSM networks in Africa. For more info please refer to enquiries@qkon.com
For satellite training and VoIP training courses please contact training@qkon.com
Surfcom in Ghana
SPOTbytes Internet trunk services on PAS10 Ku-band
SPOTbytes and DVB/TDMA broadband Internet access services on PAS1R Ku-band
DVB/SCPC Internet trunk services on IS 906 C-band
DVB/SCPC Internet trunk services on IS 903 C-band
GT&T Teleport
Customer VSAT dishes are typically 98cm or 1.2m dia with up to 13 PCs connected.
IPSky2e "ADSL" broadband satellite access from GlobalTT.com Belgium Teleport Hub
> Outbound speed from 128 kbps to 2048 kbps. Inbound speed from 36 kbps to 153 kbps
> Service price starting at 147 €/month for 128 kbps
> Special new subscription of 100 € per 1 GB with 2 Mbit/s, to be spent in 3 months
> Many different subscription choices (25) including shared unlimited, shared quota and leased line.
Very high quality service and QoS management
A free web page access for each user to monitor traffic/protocol/quota in real time and automatic alert
Prepaid VoIP available (in option)
Public IP, Firewall, Antivirus, etc... (in option)
GlobalTT.com provides a 24h quality control on his ground station
GlobalTT.com is the hub ground station and the operator.
Possibility to be a reseller, please apply now.
GT&T have their own large teleport with 155Mbps and 34Mbps internet backbone connectivity. Coverage is the orange areas and includes North Africa, Algeria, Angola, Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Ethiopia, Madagascar, South Africa
Bentley Telecom Eutelsat W3A
Eutelsat W3A ( 7 deg east) broadband internet via satellite coverage using new LinkStar DVB-S2 and iDirect technologies. LinkStar DVB-S2 represents a significant step forwards. Swap your exisiting LinkStar modem and get up to 70% more efficient throughput.
Various grades of service plus special quality of service controls and advanced proprietary TCP/IP compression to give faster downloads compared with unprocessed feeds, plus customer access to traffic monitoring system.
To email your enquiry click here sales@bentleywalker.com or phone now 00 44 239 246 3943 (ref:satsig)
Also iDirect STAR COM service in North East Africa
Mid Africa and South Africa coverage
Direct connection provider.
GBS specialise in the design and the supply of integrated solutions in the satellite and wireless telecommunication field. They provide turn-key and tailor-made solutions for projects of any size.
Global Broadband Solution use BT’s Teleport facility at Martlesham, UK, to host their own VSAT iDirect hub and equipments providing internet services to Africa. They are also in partnership with Intelsat and Satlynx and their technical staff to install C-Band services everywhere in Africa. ViperSat is another partner, offering a technologically advanced infrastructure products, providing bandwidth-efficient and scalable solutions.
For urban concentrations, GBS are installing WiMAX wireless infrastructure for internet and intranet access. GBS operate with Alvarion wireless products using the 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz frequency bands.
To provide African customers with reliable international telecommunications at a very low cost, GBS has developed a VoIP platform providing quality international phone calls in regions where remote Internet access sites will have been set up.
They have a dynamic, motivated team working using the most modern management and file follow-up methods. They take a pride in personal contact with customers. For more information email: satellite@gb-solution.com
BT hub for Ku service
VSAT dish
Wireless access
VoIP server
Wireless
C-band partners
C band and Ku band beam coverages includes Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Gabon, Congo RDC, Angola, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Somalia, Ethiopia, Madagascar and South Africa.
Vipersat/Comtech modems
iDirect VSAT system
LinkStar StarPRO service from Bentley Walker
Various grades of service plus special quality of service controls and advanced proprietary TCP/IP compression to give faster downloads compared with unprocessed feeds, plus customer access to traffic monitoring system.
LinkStar equipment. Also iDirect STAR COM service in North East Africa
Email your enquiry to sales@bentleywalker.com
Frequency
See here for detail map of dish sizes for West Africa
Coverages on this page includes all Africa with a combination of C and Ku band beams: Countries include Senegal, Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Uganda, Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Kenya and South Africa.
Have your say now.. Contribute now in my Satellite Internet Forum Help others with advice. Tell others about your own problems, successes, failures, vsat wants and for sale etc.
Regarding this page, if you have comments about satelite internet service providers or service on this page, please e-mail me, Eric Johnston or use the forum. Apologies to any Africa satellite internet providers for mistakes, missing countries etc - please tell me.
The setting up and control of direct 2 way broadband interactive ( BBI ) return channel system ( RCS ) satellite internet terminals ( SIT ) is controlled from the providers so any problem sites can be switched off remotely until a technician attends. Also, the internet via satellite connection equipment design and frequency bands comply to international regulatory "type approval" for general use. So that operation does not cause interference to other services or continue to require individual satellite internet licence. Non-approved terminals will continue to require individual licence.
Constellation C band satellite networks in Africa IAL office: satellite internet in Kenya Blue Sky - South Africa services LinkStar service for West Africa Intercel group DRC Congo, Guinea, Guinée, Madagascar Level 412 satellite communications in Africa Rutel Telecentres in Africa (draft) AfrikaNet iDirect and LinkStar VSAT training courses in Africa
Next: 28 Feb - 1 March 2007
ICT Connect: South Africa Wireless and Sat Internet consultants Extending the reach of VSAT with IEEE 802-11 wireless from smartBridges MWEB VSAT and value added services for Africa Thuraya satellite internet service in W3A Africa beam iDirect and ECC DVB-S2 from Logical Wireless ZA Linkserve Ipwireless-Cameroun looking for partnership with VSAT Providers Digital Indaba South Africa Installing iDirect VSAT in Darfur, Sudan, Africa
Legal disclaimer and non-privacy statement
"Satellite Signals", "SSL", "Sat Sig" and "Ivsat" are Trade Marks of Satellite Signals Limited.
2007: VSAT Year - VoIP et Internet par Satellite pour Afrique
Unix systems administrator
Digital satellite - how it works
Email all service providers on this page
Broadband satellite internet home page.
VSAT installers in Africa
VSAT installer in Malawi
VSAT installer in Kenya
Bensat - Nigeria
This satalite internet page is Copyright (c) SSL 2003 All rights reserved. Revised 22 Jan 2007
2007: VSAT Year - VoIP and Internet via Satellite for Afrique
Portable laptop sized RBGAN and R-BGAN hand carry terminals suggested for reporters and travelling business users in Africa north of equator.
Archive and older links:
WAFSAT conference and VSAT training Abuja, Nigeria, 23-26 Nov 2005 ACT 2005
African Computing & Telecommunications. Johannesburg, 4-7 October 2005 Africa satellite review Nov 2004 GISPA AFRISPA 24 - 26 August 2005 GVF VSAT Installation & Maintenance Training Course in Nairobi, Kenya Wireless broadband training
21-22 July 2005, Nairobi, Kenya, Africa Satcom Africa conference 14-18 Feb 2005
Satcom Africa conference 20-24 Feb 2006
VSAT training March 2006 Lagos
VSAT training Nigeria, Lagos: 6-7 March 06
VSAT training Ghana, Accra: 27-28 Feb 06
IDLELO 2, African Conference Digital Communications Nairobi, Kenya, 23- 25 Feb 2006 VSAT training Africa 10-13 April 2006 Kenya WiMax CDMA Forum 24-26 Apl 2006 South Africa Satellite Phones Thuraya, R-BGAN, Mini M
SpiderSat Patriot to start dish manufacturing in Nigeria AfriTel
3rd Africa VoIP forum in Lagos between 21-23 August 2006
Secure satellite communications for Africa military